The anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system work together seamlessly to ensure the exchange of gases necessary for cellular respiration and the maintenance of homeostasis within the body.

The drivers of respiration and heart-lung interaction work in concert to maintain the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the body, ensuring efficient gas exchange and optimal cardiovascular function.

Ongoing updates in HFNC therapy focus on optimising patient comfort, enhancing efficacy, and expanding its clinical applications across diverse patient populations and clinical settings.

NIV is an effective and safe therapeutic option for managing ARF in children, offering several advantages over invasive mechanical ventilation. Early recognition of appropriate candidates, proper patient selection, and meticulous monitoring are essential for optimising outcomes and minimising complications.

Invasive ventilation is a critical intervention for managing respiratory failure by providing mechanical support to the respiratory system. The selection of ventilation mode depends on the underlying pathology, patient characteristics, and therapeutic goals, with the aim of optimising gas exchange while minimising ventilator-associated complications.

Optimising conventional ventilation and employing lung recruitment strategies are essential components of ventilatory management in patients with acute respiratory failure. Individualized approaches based on patient characteristics, underlying pathology, and response to interventions are key to achieving optimal outcomes.

Ventilation strategies in patients with severe coal workers' pneumoconiosis aim to provide effective respiratory support while minimising complications in this challenging population.

Airway and lung ultrasound is a valuable imaging modality for diagnosing and managing various respiratory conditions, providing real-time visualization of lung pathology and procedural guidance at the bedside.

APRV, ASV, and NAVA are advanced ventilation modes that offer tailored support for patients with diverse respiratory needs. Each mode has unique features and benefits, making them valuable tools in the management of respiratory failure across various clinical scenarios.

These modalities play a crucial role in the management of critically ill patients, providing tailored respiratory support to improve outcomes and enhance patient comfort.

Safe intubation requires careful consideration of the clinical context, appropriate preparation, and effective communication among healthcare team members. Whether performing intubation electively, in an emergency setting, or managing a difficult airway, adherence to established protocols, continuous training, and readiness to adapt to changing circumstances are essential for optimal patient outcomes.

Ventilator strategies in CDH and PPHN aim to provide effective respiratory support while minimising complications associated with lung injury and pulmonary hypertension. Tailored approaches, including lung protective ventilation techniques and targeted therapies, are crucial in optimising outcomes for neonates with these complex respiratory conditions.

Ventilation strategies during the transport of ill patients require careful assessment, preparation, and monitoring to ensure optimal respiratory support and patient safety throughout the journey. By following established protocols, maintaining equipment readiness, and fostering effective communication, healthcare providers can enhance the quality of care and outcomes for critically ill patients during transport.

Ventilation strategies in CHD aim to optimise Qp/Qs balance, maintain adequate oxygenation, and minimise the risk of hemodynamic compromise. Multidisciplinary collaboration and individualized patient management are essential to achieve optimal outcomes in this complex patient population.

Effective management of respiratory secretions involves a multifaceted approach encompassing hydration, positioning, airway clearance techniques, suctioning, and, when necessary, pharmacological interventions.

The weaning of ventilation is a gradual process that requires careful assessment, monitoring, and collaboration among healthcare providers.