Eye emergencies encompass blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, chemical injuries, foreign objects in the eye, corneal injuries, infections, and medical conditions like blood clots. Immediate medical care is crucial as these conditions, if left untreated, can result in vision loss due to the delicate nature of the eye.

Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness, can result in significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. This module covers glaucoma assessment, investigations, and the importance of regular eye tests for early detection and treatment. Primary care physicians play a crucial role in diagnosing glaucoma, referring patients with positive family history or suspicious findings, reinforcing medication adherence, and recognizing adverse reactions.

Glaucoma medications may have systemic effects, especially in elderly patients with multiple chronic medical conditions and systemic medications. While beta-blocking ophthalmic agents are generally safe, they can potentially cause bronchospasm, worsen heart block, exacerbate congestive heart failure, or induce central nervous system effects in certain patients.