In acute cardiac arrest, key areas of focus include evidence-based practices, CPR, airway management, defibrillation, pacing, and post-resuscitation care for optimal patient outcomes.

When interpreting ECGs in the emergency setting, the approach involves diagnosing common brady and tachyarrhythmias, as well as identifying critical ST segment abnormalities. This includes recognizing acute myocardial infarction and other rare but life-threatening conditions that have distinct ECG patterns. Early diagnosis through ECG interpretation is crucial for successful management and timely intervention.

This section focuses on the approach to initial assessment and management of traumatic shock and non-traumatic shock. It also provides a brief overview of managing cardiogenic shock, septic shock, and anaphylactic shock. Additionally, it covers the core management principles of allergy and the diagnosis of acid-base disorders.

This section emphasises evidence-based approaches and the use of Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) guidelines for optimal trauma management. It covers comprehensive assessment and acute phase management of trauma cases.

In this section, the key concepts and approaches will include an overview of the most common symptoms of cardiological emergencies, with a specific focus on patients presenting with chest pain. The content will cover the major life-threatening causes of chest pain, common differentials that should not be missed, and appropriate assessment and management strategies for patients with chest pain in the emergency department (ED).

This module highlights the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in Asia and the types of ischemic heart diseases seen in the emergency room (ER). It focuses on acute ST segment elevation MI and emphasises early suspicion, prompt diagnosis, and protocol-based management for better outcomes. The module aims to provide an approach to the management of acute MI based on recent guidelines for emergency care physicians.